@prefix : . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix rdfs: . @base . rdf:type owl:Ontology ; "2026-07-24" ; "Xiaoli Song"@en ; """ A lightweight ontology for modelling the temporal evolution of crack widths in concrete components and linking crack states to multi-source monitoring observations and supporting evidence. """@en ; ; "Crack Width Evolution Ontology"@en ; "cweo" ; "https://w3id.org/cweo#"^^xsd:anyURI ; rdfs:comment "CWEO reuses selected terms from SOSA, SSN, OWL-Time, and PROV-O by declaring and aligning relevant external classes and properties in this ontology."@en ; rdfs:label "Crack Width Evolution Ontology (CWEO)"@en ; owl:versionInfo "v0.1.0" . ################################################################# # Annotation properties ################################################################# ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/created rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/description rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/license rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/title rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ################################################################# # Datatypes ################################################################# ### http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date xsd:date rdf:type rdfs:Datatype . ################################################################# # Object Properties ################################################################# ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#hasTime rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :DamageState ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """ Supports the association of a temporal entity, such as an instant or interval, to a damage state. This property is reused from OWL-Time without importing the complete OWL-Time ontology. """@en ; rdfs:label "has time"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ Describes a derivation relationship between entities, such as a processed monitoring file derived from a raw sensor data file. This property is reused from PROV-O without importing the complete PROV-O ontology. """@en ; rdfs:label "was derived from"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/hasFeatureOfInterest rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """ Links an observation to the feature of interest being observed. This property is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "has feature of interest"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/hasResult rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """ Links an observation to its result. This property is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "has result"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/isFeatureOfInterestOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """ Links a feature of interest to an observation that observes it. This property is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "is feature of interest of"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/madeBySensor rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """ Links an observation to the sensor that made it. This property is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "made by sensor"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/madeObservation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """ Links a sensor to an observation it made. This property is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "made observation"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/observedProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """ Links an observation to the observable property being observed. This property is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "observed property"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/phenomenonTime rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """ Links an observation to the time at which the observed phenomenon occurred. This property is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "phenomenon time"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/usedProcedure rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """ Links an observation to the procedure, algorithm, protocol, or method used to generate it. This property is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "used procedure"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/hasProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """ Links a feature of interest to one of its observable properties. This property is reused from SSN. """@en ; rdfs:label "has property"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/isPropertyOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """ Links an observable property to the feature of interest it belongs to. This property is reused from SSN. """@en ; rdfs:label "is property of"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#hasEvidence :hasEvidence rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isEvidenceOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :Evidence ; rdfs:comment """ Links an observation to an evidence resource or data segment that supports the observation. """@en ; rdfs:label "has evidence"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#hasNextState :hasNextState rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasPrevState ; rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty , owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; rdfs:domain :DamageState ; rdfs:range :DamageState ; rdfs:comment """ Links a damage state to its immediately following state in a temporal evolution sequence. """@en ; rdfs:label "has next state"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#hasPrevState :hasPrevState rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty , owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; rdfs:domain :DamageState ; rdfs:range :DamageState ; rdfs:comment """ Links a damage state to its immediately preceding state in a temporal evolution sequence. """@en ; rdfs:label "has previous state"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#hasState :hasState rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isStateOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :DamageState ; rdfs:comment """ Links a feature of interest, such as a crack, to one of its damage states. """@en ; rdfs:label "has state"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#isEvidenceOf :isEvidenceOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Evidence ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Links an evidence resource or data segment to the observation it supports."@en ; rdfs:label "is evidence of"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#isStateOf :isStateOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :DamageState ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """ Links a damage state to the feature of interest whose condition it represents. """@en ; rdfs:label "is state of"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#isSupportedByObservation :isSupportedByObservation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :supportsState ; rdfs:domain :DamageState ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """ Links a damage state to an observation that supports or provides evidence for the interpretation of that state. """@en ; rdfs:label "is supported by observation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#supportsState :supportsState rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :DamageState ; rdfs:comment """ Links an observation to the damage state it supports. """@en ; rdfs:label "supports state"@en . ################################################################# # Data properties ################################################################# ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/hasSimpleResult rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ; rdfs:comment """ Links an observation to a simple literal result value. This property is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "has simple result"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#hasCrackWidth :hasCrackWidth rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :CrackState ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:comment """ Represents the representative or aggregated crack width value assigned to a crack state. Source-specific measured values can also be represented as SOSA observation results. """@en ; rdfs:label "has crack width"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#hasFileName :hasFileName rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :EvidenceResource ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment """ Stores the file name of an evidence resource. """@en ; rdfs:label "has file name"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#hasFilePath :hasFilePath rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :EvidenceResource ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment """ Stores the local or external path of an evidence resource. """@en ; rdfs:label "has file path"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#hasSensorID :hasSensorID rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment """ Stores an identifier for a sensor or monitoring device. """@en ; rdfs:label "has sensor ID"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#hasSensorType :hasSensorType rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment """ Stores a textual description of the sensor type, such as DFOS, DIC camera, displacement sensor, or strain sensor. """@en ; rdfs:label "has sensor type"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#hasTimeValue :hasTimeValue rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:comment """ Stores a numeric time value for a time instant used in monitoring or experimental data. """@en ; rdfs:label "has time value"@en . ################################################################# # Classes ################################################################# ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Instant rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """ A temporal instant reused from OWL-Time. """@en ; rdfs:label "Instant"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Interval rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """ A temporal interval reused from OWL-Time. """@en ; rdfs:label "Interval"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/2006/time#TemporalEntity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A temporal entity, such as an instant or an interval, reused from OWL-Time. """@en ; rdfs:label "Temporal Entity"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects. This term is reused from PROV-O. """@en ; rdfs:label "Entity"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/FeatureOfInterest rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ The thing whose property is being observed. This term is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "Feature of Interest"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ObservableProperty rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A property that can be observed. This term is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "Observable Property"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Observation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ An act of observing a property of a feature of interest. This term is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "Observation"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Procedure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A workflow, protocol, plan, algorithm, or computational method used to make an observation. This term is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "Procedure"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Result rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ The result of an observation. This term is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "Result"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Sensor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A device, agent, or system that observes a property. This term is reused from SOSA. """@en ; rdfs:label "Sensor"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#Crack :Crack rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """ A crack occurring in a concrete component. In CWEO, a crack is modelled as a SOSA feature of interest whose condition may evolve over time. """@en ; rdfs:label "Crack"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#CrackLength :CrackLength rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """ An observable property representing the length of a crack. """@en ; rdfs:label "Crack Length"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#CrackState :CrackState rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DamageState ; rdfs:comment """ A damage state representing the monitored condition of a crack at a specific time or temporal interval. """@en ; rdfs:label "Crack State"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#CrackWidth :CrackWidth rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """ An observable property representing the width of a crack. """@en ; rdfs:label "Crack Width"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#DamageState :DamageState rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A semantic representation of the condition of a damage feature at a specific time or temporal interval. """@en ; rdfs:label "Damage State"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#DataSegment :DataSegment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidence ; owl:disjointWith :EvidenceResource ; rdfs:comment """ A specific segment or part of an evidence resource, such as a temporal, spatial, or textual segment. """@en ; rdfs:label "Data Segment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#Displacement :Displacement rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """ An observable property representing displacement measured or derived by sensors, DIC, or other monitoring methods. """@en ; rdfs:label "Displacement"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#Evidence :Evidence rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """ A resource or data segment that supports an observation, interpretation, or damage-state representation. """@en ; rdfs:label "Evidence"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#EvidenceResource :EvidenceResource rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidence ; rdfs:comment """ A complete evidence resource, such as a sensor data file, image, video, or report document. """@en ; rdfs:label "Evidence Resource"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#Photo :Photo rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvidenceResource ; rdfs:comment """ A photographic image used as evidence for an observation or damage-state interpretation. """@en ; rdfs:label "Photo"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#ReportDocument :ReportDocument rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvidenceResource ; rdfs:comment """ A report or document used as evidence for monitoring observations, inspection records, or damage interpretation. """@en ; rdfs:label "Report Document"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#SensorData :SensorData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvidenceResource ; rdfs:comment """ A data resource produced by a sensor or monitoring system, such as a DFOS, displacement sensor, or DIC measurement file. """@en ; rdfs:label "Sensor Data"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#SpatialSegment :SpatialSegment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataSegment ; rdfs:comment """ A data segment identified by spatial boundaries or a spatial region. """@en ; rdfs:label "Spatial Segment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#Strain :Strain rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """ An observable property representing strain measured or derived during structural monitoring. """@en ; rdfs:label "Strain"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#TemporalSegment :TemporalSegment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataSegment ; rdfs:comment """ A data segment identified by temporal boundaries or a time range. """@en ; rdfs:label "Temporal Segment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#TextSegment :TextSegment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataSegment ; rdfs:comment """ A data segment corresponding to a specific part of a text-based evidence resource. """@en ; rdfs:label "Text Segment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/cweo#Video :Video rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvidenceResource ; rdfs:comment """ A video resource used as evidence for monitoring, observation, or interpretation. """@en ; rdfs:label "Video"@en . ################################################################# # General axioms ################################################################# [ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :CrackLength :CrackWidth :Displacement :Strain ) ] . ### Generated by the OWL API (version 5.1.18) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi/